Sanae Takaichi has made history by becoming Japan's first female prime minister, elected by parliament earlier today.

The 64-year-old politician secured a decisive win with 237 votes in the Lower House and 125 in the Upper House as leader of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).

Takaichi, a staunch conservative and admirer of late British PM Margaret Thatcher, takes office during a challenging economic period, as Japan grapples with rising living costs and public discontent.

This has marked a period of uncertainty for the world's fourth-largest economy, with Takaichi being the fourth prime minister in just five years, following a string of predecessors whose terms ended abruptly due to scandals and low ratings.

Despite defeating four male candidates in the LDP leadership race earlier this month, Takaichi's path to the premiership appeared uncertain when the LDP's coalition partner, the Komeito party, initially withdrew support. However, a last-minute agreement with the right-leaning Japan Innovation Party helped her secure the top position.

On the international front, Takaichi's leadership may pose challenges owing to her right-wing politics, particularly in relations with South Korea and China. Additionally, she is set to meet with US President Donald Trump next week—a critical moment given Trump's tough stance on defense costs.

Takaichi, who has served in various ministerial roles throughout her career, is recognized for her conservative stance including opposition to same-sex marriage, leading some young women to question the significance of her election.

As she embarks on her term, Takaichi's focus will be on restoring public trust in the LDP, which faced losses amid a fundraising scandal and a significant decline in support.

While her victory brings a historical milestone for women in politics, the effectiveness of her conservative policies amidst rising socio-economic challenges remains a focal point for many observers.