Escalating War Crimes in Sudan: ICC Reports Alarming Findings

UN officials warn that the humanitarian crisis in the region could worsen, as evidence suggests significant suffering and violence.

The International Criminal Court (ICC) has presented compelling evidence to the United Nations Security Council, indicating that war crimes and crimes against humanity are being perpetrated in western Sudan. In its Thursday report, the ICC highlighted the alarming use of targeted sexual violence against women and girls from specific ethnic backgrounds as one of the most troubling aspects of their investigation into the ongoing conflict in Darfur.

Since the outbreak of hostilities between the Sudanese army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in April 2023, the UN has categorized the situation as one resulting in "devastating civilian casualties." ICC Deputy Prosecutor Nazhat Shameem Khan outlined the profound despair evident in the region, drawing conclusions from an extensive collection of evidence—over 7,000 items—gathered during their investigations. She commended the courageous survivors who provided their testimony despite the risk involved.

The ICC, which received its mandate to address crimes in Darfur over two decades ago, has opened various investigations into war crimes and genocide that occurred there since July 2002. Following renewed conflict in 2023, the ICC launched another inquiry, interviewing victims who escaped the violence to neighboring Chad. Khan pointed to a "pervasive pattern of offending" and emphasized the urgency of translating these egregious acts into concrete evidence for judicial proceedings, warning that perpetrators in Darfur may currently feel a false sense of security.

Despite repeated allegations, the RSF has denied any involvement in what they term a "tribal conflict" in the area. In a significant declaration, the United States in January 2025 concluded that atrocities committed by the RSF and associated militias constituted genocide against non-Arab communities in the region.

Reports from the UN depict worsening conditions in Darfur, with transportation of humanitarian aid and access to medical facilities impeded by attacks. "Sexual violence and abduction tactics are being systematically used against civilians," said Khan, highlighting the dire situation in el-Fasher, where RSF siege tactics have curtailed aid.

An outbreak of cholera looms large, threatening already limited water resources, while escalating famine grips the region. UNICEF reported alarming statistics, with over 40,000 children treated for severe malnutrition in the first half of 2025—a figure significantly increased compared to the previous year.

"The impact of conflict and inadequate aid is devastating the youth in Darfur," lamented UNICEF's Sheldon Yett. With more than 150,000 lives claimed by the violence in the past two years and approximately 12 million individuals displaced, Khan cautioned, "The potential for further deterioration is undeniable."

As the world watches, concern mounts over the fate of Sudan and its people amidst this entrenched crisis.