Russian Tourists Arrive at Controversial North Korean Resort Amid Human Rights Concerns

The grand opening of North Korea's Wonsan Kalma resort, designed to attract foreign tourists, has welcomed its first Russian visitors this week. However, human rights groups have raised alarming concerns over forced labor and the treatment of workers involved in its development.

A new beach resort in North Korea, the Wonsan Kalma, has officially welcomed its first group of Russian tourists this week, despite ongoing critiques from human rights advocates regarding the treatment of construction workers involved in the project. Launched last month by North Korean leader Kim Jong Un, the resort was described as a "world-class tourist and cultural destination."

The construction of the Wonsan Kalma resort has been enshrouded in secrecy, with experts and insiders voicing concerns over potential human rights violations during the building process. BBC Verify's investigation utilized satellite imagery and internal documents, revealing a pattern of forced labor reportedly employed at the site.

Wonsan, a city with historical significance to Kim Jong Un, was previously a favored vacation spot for North Korea's elite. Aiming to attract one million tourists while keeping the area secured, project planning began in earnest after a 2017 delegation to Spain's Benidorm, a location that inspired aspects of the resort’s design.

Satellite imagery indicates that rapid construction took place between early 2018 and late 2018, potentially completed with around 80% of structures finished. However, construction paused before resuming after a high-profile meeting between Kim and Russian President Vladimir Putin, who advocated for increased Russian tourism to North Korean resorts.

Concerns about worker treatment remain alarmingly persistent. The UN has reported on the use of "shock brigades," revealing numerous accounts of harsh working conditions, long hours, and severe penalties for failure to meet deadlines. Defectors have reported on the physical and mental strain these workers endure, with some experiencing deadly consequences if they are unable to fulfill their obligations.

Although North Korea has largely restricted foreign visitors in recent years, Wonsan Kalma is anticipated to play a crucial role in revitalizing the country's economy while strengthening ties with Russia. Early plans have suggested a focus on attracting international visitors, particularly from neighboring China and Russia.

However, as potential Russian tourists are tracking the options, interest appears lukewarm compared to more appealing global destinations. Initial tours have gained some traction, with a reported 12 participants for the first trip, though experts argue that the allure may be overshadowed by more desirable alternatives like Turkey or Thailand that offer greater comfort and autonomy to travelers.