Dozens of smoke grenades and pyrotechnic devices were thrown, Israeli police posted on X, adding, this is not a football game, this is disorder and serious violence.
Twelve civilians and three officers were injured, police said, while nine people were arrested and 16 detained for questioning.
The unrest comes just days after officials in the UK stated that Maccabi fans should not be allowed to attend the Europa League match at Aston Villa in England next month due to safety concerns.
Hapoel Tel Aviv criticized the derby cancellation, accusing Israeli police of preparing for a war, not a sporting event during discussions leading up to the highly-anticipated match.
The shocking events outside the stadium and following the reckless and scandalous decision not to hold the match only demonstrate that the Israel Police has taken control of the sport, Hapoel said in a statement on X.
Maccabi Tel Aviv has not yet commented, except to confirm the match was canceled.
The decision by Birmingham's Safety Advisory Group (SAG) to ban Maccabi Tel Aviv fans from the Aston Villa match has sparked widespread criticism.
The UK government is working to overturn the ban and exploring additional resources to ensure the fixture can be safely hosted.
Villa told their matchday stewards that they did not have to work at the game, indicating some may have concerns.
West Midlands Police has classified the fixture as high risk based on intelligence and past incidents, including violent clashes during a previous Europa League match involving Maccabi Tel Aviv.
Protests have occurred at various sporting events over the war in Gaza, including during football World Cup qualifiers.
