In brief
In a landmark ruling, a Nigerian court has ordered the UK to pay £420 million ($27 million for each of the 21 coal miners) to the families of victims killed during a 1949 protest against poor working conditions. The court described the killings as unlawful and a violation of human rights, calling for accountability from the British government. This case underscores the ongoing struggle for recognition and reparations for colonial injustices.
A Nigerian court has ordered the British government to pay $27m (£20m) to each of the families of 21 coal miners killed in 1949 by the colonial administration in the south-east of the country.
The colonial police, made up of Nigerians and Europeans, shot dead workers striking for better conditions. Dozens more were injured in what the state-run News Agency of Nigeria described as one of the most notorious acts of repression under British rule in Nigeria.
Historians say the killing helped galvanise support for the burgeoning anti-colonial movement that led to independence 11 years later, in 1960.
The UK government said it had not been formally notified of the judgement and so could not comment. The UK had not been represented in the proceedings, a spokesperson told the BBC.
Families and rights groups have led a decades-long campaign for official acknowledgment and compensation. The ruling, delivered by Justice Anthony Onovo in Enugu, described the massacre as unlawful and extrajudicial violation of the right to life, NAN reports.
According to him, the British government must be held accountable and must make reparations to the victims' families.
These defenceless coal miners were asking for improved work conditions, they were not embarking on any violent action against the authorities, but yet were shot and killed, Onovo told the Enugu High Court.
The workers at the Iva Valley coal mine were protesting against harsh working conditions, racial disparities in wages and unpaid back wages. When their demands were not met, they adopted a go-slow protest and occupied the mine to prevent management from locking them out, NAN reports.
The suit was brought by human rights activist, Mazi Greg Onoh, who listed the British and Nigerian governments as respondents.
This ruling represents a significant milestone in the pursuit of historical accountability and justice for colonial-era violations, affirming that the right to life transcends time, borders, and changes in sovereignty, said the applicants' lawyer, Prof Yemi Akinseye-George.
The killings took place on 18 November 1949 in Enugu, which was the administrative capital of the Eastern Region of British-administered Nigeria at the time.
Historian Damola Adebowale told the BBC it was a trigger-point for the independence movement. Calls for independence already exist[ed] and talks [were] ongoing. The massacre was a reference point for people outlining the need for the colonialists to go, he said.
During an official investigation at the time, the police defended the shootings by saying they feared being overwhelmed. But among those that the inquiry blamed were the colonialists in charge of the police for inflaming the situation.
Those killed are now celebrated in the region as heroes.
