The three leading candidates for New York City mayor took the stage at Rockefeller Center in Manhattan on Thursday to make a case to lead America's biggest city.
They tangled over housing, Israel and Gaza, and President Donald Trump, with frontrunner Zohran Mamdani pressing main competitor Andrew Cuomo during the heated two-hour debate.
With early voting set to begin next week, neither dominated the evening - though both declared victory afterwards. The most recent polling suggests Mamdani has widened his lead to 46%, while Cuomo stands at 33%.
The outcome could have political implications beyond the Empire State as Trump looms large, and whoever wins will likely face pressure from Washington in some form.
The Democratic Party nationally is likely watching to see if the America's biggest Democratic stronghold chooses an establishment, centrist figure in Cuomo - who is running as an independent - or the progressive Mamdani.
Republicans also will watch to see if their candidate, Curtis Sliwa, continues to make inroads with his public safety platform.
Here are five big takeaways from the night.
1. Mamdani pressed on views on Palestinians
Mamdani's past statements on Israel and Palestinians came up several times during the night in questions from moderators and opponents’ criticisms.
The candidate has stressed his support for Palestinians and statehood, and has fiercely criticised Israel's military operation in Gaza. He also was criticised by Cuomo for declining to condemn the phrase globalise the intifada. Many Jews argue this slogan is an antisemitic call for violence, but pro-Palestinian activists say it refers to a call for international solidarity with Palestinians.
Why wouldn't he condemn Hamas? Why wouldn't he condemn Hasan Piker? said Cuomo, referring to the left-wing political commentator who once said America deserved 9/11.
In response, Mamdani said: I want to be very clear; the occupation is a reference to international law and the violation of it. He added that Piker's comments were objectionable and reprehensible.
Pressed by moderators on whether he could reassure voters, Mamdani said he would seek to serve as a mayor for all New Yorkers, including its large and ideologically diverse Jewish population. But Cuomo attacked Mamdani for his views, calling the assemblyman a divisive personality.
2. The fourth man: Donald Trump
Despite only three candidates at the debate, Donald Trump's shadow loomed large over the discussion. His implications for the National Guard in Democrat-controlled cities and threats to withhold federal funds were pivotal topics.
Sliwa noted the need for cooperation with Trump, while Mamdani promised to confront him. Cuomo painted himself as the candidate with the experience required to deal with the president, warning voters against electing Mamdani.
3. Affordability front and centre
Affordability emerged as the leading issue, especially regarding housing and groceries. Candidates shared their personal experiences with living costs and pitched various solutions, including proposals for public transportation and rent stabilization.
Sliwa acknowledged the challenges New Yorkers face, while Cuomo scrutinized Mamdani for living in a rent-stabilized apartment. Mamdani quipped that those concerned about his low rent should vote for Cuomo instead of him.
4. Cuomo's controversies still loom
Cuomo’s storied career was overshadowed by past controversies, including sexual harassment claims and the handling of nursing home deaths during the pandemic. Mamdani took the opportunity to challenge Cuomo's integrity.
Cuomo defended his actions during the pandemic, insisting all processes were followed according to federal guidance, while disputes about the allegations continued to surface.
5. Curtis Sliwa makes his mark
As the sole Republican candidate on the stage, Sliwa focused on crime prevention and public safety. His assertiveness and media-savvy tactics gave him prominence within the debate, making a notable impact as he challenged both opponents.
