Sahel Region's Alarming Surge in Terrorism-Related Deaths

The Global Terrorism Index reports a dramatic rise in terrorist fatalities in the Sahel, which now surpasses other global regions. Political instability, ineffective governance, and the expansion of extremist groups are identified as key factors contributing to this crisis.

The Sahel region of Africa, once seen as a remote part of the continent, has now emerged as a focal point of global terrorism, according to the latest Global Terrorism Index (GTI). This report reveals that over half of all terrorism-related deaths globally occur in this semi-arid area, with 3,885 people out of a total of 7,555 fatalities worldwide as of the latest data.

While the global death toll from terrorism has dropped from a peak of 11,000 in 2015, the Sahel has witnessed a shocking tenfold rise since 2019. The GTI report, produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace, highlights that extremist and insurgent groups are increasingly targeting this region.

According to the GTI, terrorism is defined as the "threatened or actual use of illegal force and violence by a non-state actor to attain a political, economic, religious, or social goal through fear, coercion, or intimidation." The Sahel encompasses parts of ten countries, including Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria.

The region, characterized by high birth rates and a youthful population, has seen a shift from "lone actor terrorism" typical in Western nations to a surge in organized militant activities led by groups such as the Islamic State affiliate in the Sahel and Jama'at Nusrat al-Islam wal Muslimeen. These factions are competing for territorial control, often attempting to establish a legal framework based on Sharia law.

Military coups in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger have exacerbated the situation, leading to increased violence and instability. Though these juntas initially promised security improvements, the GTI reports that the overall situation has only grown worse. In fact, Burkina Faso has become the country most affected by terrorism for the second consecutive year.

Political instability and poor governance are seen as critical drivers of ongoing violence, leading many in vulnerable communities to join militant groups out of desperation. The report outlines how jihadist operations are sustained through a range of criminal activities, including kidnappings, cattle rustling, and unregulated exploitation of natural resources, such as uranium and gold.

As regional governments turn away from Western alliances and seek support from nations like Russia, the potential for overspill into neighboring countries grows. The GTI notes a worrying uptick in violence, with Togo recording its highest number of attacks since 2014. Experts warn that as militant groups expand, countries along the coastal region of West Africa may soon face similar threats, necessitating urgent intervention to restore stability and safety in the Sahel.