Why Vietnamese Migrants Are Choosing Dangerous Journeys to the UK

Despite being one of the world's fastest-growing economies, Vietnam is witnessing a surge in migrants risking their lives to reach the UK via dangerous crossings. This article delves into the underlying socio-economic disparities and cultural pressures that drive this trend.

In the first half of 2024, Vietnamese nationals made the highest number of small-boat Channel crossings to the UK, a striking phenomena considering their home country is experiencing significant economic growth. Phuong, a Vietnamese woman, exemplifies the struggles faced by many migrants. After journeying through several countries including Hungary and France while enduring poverty and danger, Phuong felt compelled to undertake a perilous boat crossing to reunite with her sister in London. With a debt of £25,000 hanging over her, returning home was not an option.

Official statistics indicate that 2,248 Vietnamese migrants arrived in the UK by small boat, surpassing individuals from nations with more overt human rights issues. Notably, many Vietnamese migrants are not escaping extreme poverty or political repression. Instead, they are motivated by "relative deprivation" and a desire for better economic opportunities. Despite Vietnam's impressive economic growth, the disparity in wealth between urban and rural areas remains pronounced, leading to a struggle for many to save enough for a comfortable life.

Phuong's sister, Hien, who successfully emigrated to the UK nine years ago, experienced significant hardships but eventually built a new life. In contrast, Phuong’s efforts to replicate her sister’s success propelled her to attempt the dangerous crossing.

Historically, Vietnam's migration patterns shifted notably post-1986, when the government opened the economy to global markets. This led to a growing narrative among families that money equates to success and stability. Hence, the drive to migrate surged, significantly aided by people-smuggling networks offering dubious promises of wealth and safety.

Many migrants remark that despite the risks, the successes of others in escaping poverty far outweigh potential losses. This was painfully highlighted in 2019 when 39 Vietnamese migrants tragically died during an illicit crossing. Yet, the local response remains largely unchanged, reinforcing the view that migration is a path to financial betterment.

Despite ongoing efforts by the UK and Vietnamese governments to curb illegal migration through awareness campaigns, real change hinges on creating more appealing economic opportunities within Vietnam. Advocates urge a continuous investment in education and community awareness, as migrants' familial obligations create a cycle that is hard to break.

As more Vietnamese send money back home, the allure of a better life abroad continues to overshadow the pressing dangers of such treacherous journeys.