The Watchful Eye: Pro-China Patriot Monitors Hong Kong’s National Security Landscape

Innes Tang's voluntary surveillance efforts have led to the reporting of dozens for alleged national security violations in Hong Kong. This article explores the impact of the national security law on society, and the tensions arising from conflicting definitions of patriotism and freedom.

Innes Tang, a former banker turned self-styled patriot, has taken it upon himself to monitor activities in Hong Kong for alleged national security violations, a move that has garnered both support and criticism. Believing in a duty to protect national security, Tang set up a hotline to report suspicious behavior, from individuals displaying colonial flags to businesses selling politically charged products. "We're in every corner of society, watching," he claims, asserting that even a small act can constitute a breach.

Since the enactment of the controversial national security law (NSL) in Hong Kong, imposed by Beijing in response to the city’s 2019 pro-democracy protests, the landscape has changed dramatically. Critics argue that the NSL stifles free speech and promotes a culture of informing among citizens. With legal definitions of "secession," "subversion," and "collusion" providing wide latitude, Tang has reported nearly 100 people and organizations, resulting in arrests and, in some cases, imprisonment.

The community has seen a significant shift; more than 300 individuals were reported arrested for national security offenses since the law's implementation, with over 300,000 residents having left Hong Kong in recent years. Tang, who claims to represent the "silent majority" of citizens adhering to pro-China sentiments, affirms that his role is to facilitate "proper community-police cooperation." However, the pressure faced by those reported is immense, as businesses and activists alike endure scrutiny from authorities. Pong Yat-ming, an independent bookstore owner, reported receiving multiple inspections based on anonymous complaints, reflecting the pervasive atmosphere of fear and control.

Notably, Tang claims his actions stem from a patriotic desire to create a balanced society in the aftermath of the turbulent protests. While he acknowledges that patriotism can be a virtue, others see it as a weapon against freedom of expression. Kenneth Chan, a political scientist engaged in Hong Kong's pro-democracy movement, notes that the landscape has shifted dramatically, with public protests essentially vanishing. As university faculty members wrestle with censorship, they contend with an environment where dissent has become increasingly difficult and dangerous.

The National Security Law has enabled a new set of restrictiveness, changing the dynamics within Hong Kong’s political fabric. Legislative reform has mandated that only "patriots" loyal to the Chinese Communist Party can hold significant positions in government, diluting the democratic representation historically seen in the region. As Tang expresses concerns about policy being passed without opposition, he has temporarily stepped back from reporting unless necessary.

Currently, Tang has pivoted his focus to international advocacy, working with pro-Beijing nonprofit organizations to present China’s perspective at various global forums. Meanwhile, Chan’s reality involves personal and systemic limbo, as many of his colleagues face exile or incarceration. The ambiguity surrounding freedoms in Hong Kong remains a pressing issue, underscoring the challenges faced by those navigating a society transformed by surveillance and control in the name of national security. In a continued effort to maintain dialogue, Hong Kong’s government maintains that national security is paramount, targeting only those who pose genuine threats, a claim met with skepticism by many within and outside the region.